پژوهشکده زن و خانواده ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ مدیر مسئول: محمدرضا زیبایی نژاد مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده 2538-1938 13 2 2025 08 23 Representation of the Evolution of Legal and Jurisprudential Approaches in Gender Discourse: A Case Study of Zanan Magazine (2000–2004) بازنمایی تحول رویکردهای قانونی و فقهی در گفتمان جنسیت: مطالعة موردی ماهنامة زنان (۱۳۷۹–۱۳۸۳) 9 33 252919 FA هدا مصطفائی دانشجوی دکترای مطالعات زنان، دانشگاه ادیان، قم، ایران 0009-0006-9562-7747 امیر مهاجر میلانی استادیار پژوهشکده زن و خانواده، گروه فقه و حقوق، قم، ایران. 0000-0002-0988-4653 Journal Article 2025 07 22 The relationship between gender, Sharia, and law remains one of the most challenging areas of social and intellectual inquiry in religious societies. Religious conceptualizations of gender, and their role in shaping gendered and social identities, exert a significant influence on legal and legislative processes. In post-revolutionary Iran, where legal and political structures are deeply informed by religious doctrine, this intersection has become a recurring subject of inquiry and reinterpretation, particularly during periods of discursive and political shift. One such pivotal period is the early 2000s (Persian calendar: early 1380s). Concurrent with the tenure of the Sixth Parliament, the rise of religious intellectualism, and the expansion of reformist movements in the legislative and media spheres, this era provided a conducive context for rethinking the nexus of religion, law, and women’s issues. Within this context, Zanan magazine—as a leading publication—played a crucial role in representing and generating discourse on these matters. By mobilizing a network of scholars and experts in gender, religion, and jurisprudence, the magazine established a unique platform for reflecting on, critiquing, and rethinking gender-related issues. Against this backdrop, analyzing the content of Zanan during these years—a period defined by significant legislative and media activism—offers a deeper understanding of religious discourse on women’s rights and its complex relationship with Sharia and the law. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis approach, this study examines how the relationship between Sharia, law, and gender is represented in Zanan magazine from 2000 to 2004. The research corpus comprises the articles published in this period. Data were analyzed inductively, involving the extraction of main categories and subcategories to document the evolution of perspectives and critiques regarding the nexus of Sharia, law, and women’s issues. The selection criteria for the sampled content focused on legal-gender issues and approaches to jurisprudence and law. Furthermore, the study employs content typology, along with surface and semantic analysis, and the identification of recurring patterns in the magazine’s discourse. The findings reveal that, during this period, Zanan highlighted four key axes in representing the relationship between Sharia, law, and gender: (1) the necessity of women’s awareness as a prerequisite for participating in legal reform and achieving rights; (2) the critique of both traditional and modern jurisprudential readings for their failure to address gender-based demands, while emphasizing the patriarchal structure of jurisprudence; (3) the emphasis on feminist perspectives and the inclusion of women in religious interpretation and legislation; and (4) the demand for equality-based justice in opposition to structural discrimination. Initially, the magazine maintained an optimistic stance toward the potential for intra-jurisprudential reform and religious intellectualism; however, it progressively shifted toward highlighting the inadequacy of these approaches, proposing alternatives such as customary legislation and the utilization of human rights instruments. Within this discourse, the concept of justice diverges from its traditional meaning, focusing instead on justice as equality and the elimination of discrimination, while occasionally acknowledging differentiated roles. Overall, the magazine’s representations of women’s issues encompass a synthesis of lived experience, analytical approaches, and legal advocacy. An analysis of Zanan magazine reveals that its dominant discourse—grounded in women’s lived experiences and the analysis of discriminatory structures—has sought to redefine the relationship between Sharia, law, and gender. This representation simultaneously highlights the inadequacy of prevailing jurisprudential readings in addressing gender-based discrimination while striving to reconstruct this nexus through awareness-raising, shifts in social attitudes, and the proposal of alternative solutions. The analysis of the magazine’s content trajectory reveals that, over time, its approach has shifted from relying on intra-religious reform toward advocating for alternative institutions to address women’s demands, indicating a discernible discursive transformation in the relationship between religion, Sharia, law, and gender. While reflecting theoretical and epistemological critiques, the magazine has also sought to open new avenues for influencing official discourse, at times interweaving social activism, analytical journalism, and legal empiricism. The relationship between religion, jurisprudence, law, and gender within this discourse is deeply contextual and evolving. Accordingly, studying this media experience offers vital insights into the conceptual and structural transformations regarding women’s issues in contemporary Iran. رابطة جنسیت، دین (با تأکید بر شریعت) و قانون یکی از بحث‌برانگیزترین موضوعات در جوامع دینی است؛ چراکه تعریف‌های دینی از جنسیت بر مسائلی همچون شکل‌گیری هویت جنسیتی و فرایند قانون‌گذاری تأثیرگذار است. این رابطه از عواملی مانند تفسیر متون دینی، بافت فرهنگی و اجتماعی و تحولات سیاسی تأثیر می‌پذیرد. در ایران این نسبت به‌ویژه در قانون‌گذاری با چالش‌های فراوانی روبه‌روست. دورة بهار اصلاحات با رشد نواندیشی دینی، اصلاح‌طلبی سیاسی و گفتمان‌سازی حقوق زنان، بستر مناسبی برای مطالعة این چالش‌ها فراهم کرده است. یکی از این گفتمان‌ها در ماهنامة زنان بین سال‌های ۱۳۷۹ تا ۱۳۸۳ شکل گرفت. پژوهش حاضر با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، بازنمایی این نسبت را در محتوای این ماهنامه بررسی کرده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد چهار مقولة کلیدی برجسته‌اند: ۱. ضرورت آگاهی زنان به عنوان بستر کنشگری؛ ۲. نقد ناکارآمدی خوانش‌های فقهی و نواندیشانه؛ ۳. تأکید بر زنانه‌نگری در تفسیر متون و مسائل؛ ۴. تلقی عدالت به‌ مثابه تساوی و برابری. نتایج نشان می‌دهد گرایش ماهنامه از اعتماد اولیه به ظرفیت‌های اصلاح دینی در چارچوب فقه پویا به سمت تردید در کارآمدی آن و پیشنهاد راه‌حل‌هایی خارج از ساختارهای فقهی مانند موازین حقوق بشری (اصول ارزشی) و اسناد بین‌المللی سوق پیدا کرده است.

https://www.jgfs.ir/article_252919_e9d6f2d78524b4a64c3eb2c5ab429317.pdf

پژوهشکده زن و خانواده ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ مدیر مسئول: محمدرضا زیبایی نژاد مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده 2538-1938 13 2 2026 08 23 Presenting a model of peace and reconciliation between couples in the family based on the jurisprudential foundations of Islam ارائة الگوی صلح و سازش بین زوجین در خانواده بر اساس مبانی فقهی اسلام 34 70 252920 FA حسن رئیسی زاده دانشجوی دکتری فقه و حقوق اسلامی، واحد اهواز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. سید حسام الدین حسینی دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، مرکز تحقیقات پژوهش های قرآنی با رویکرد سبک زندگی اسلامی، واحد اهواز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران . فرج الله براتی دانشیار گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی ، واحد اهواز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. Journal Article 2025 09 01 Jurisprudence is among the most practical and influential branches of Islamic sciences, deeply rooted in divine revelation and directly connected to the regulation of both individual and social life. Because the family constitutes the foundational unit of society in Islamic thought, jurisprudential teachings concerning marriage and spousal relations occupy a central position in maintaining social harmony and moral order. The present study sought to develop a model of peace and reconciliation within the family based on Islamic jurisprudential foundations and to identify the principal factors that contribute to harmony between spouses. The research employed a qualitative design using conventional content analysis. The statistical population included Qur’anic verses, authentic hadiths, classical and contemporary jurisprudential texts, legal sources, and scholarly works related to family life and marital relations. Through purposive sampling, twenty-five information-rich sources were selected for in-depth analysis. Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously through open coding, axial coding, and inferential coding procedures. To enhance the trustworthiness of the findings, triangulation, respondent validation, and peer review strategies were applied throughout the research process. The findings revealed that peace and reconciliation in family life can be explained through two broad categories of jurisprudential factors: practical factors and theoretical factors. Practical factors include mechanisms such as referral to arbitration in marital disputes, specific temporal restrictions on divorce, and the husband’s obligation to provide maintenance for a revocable divorced wife during the waiting period. Theoretical factors include principles such as the inadmissibility of a condition of option in marriage contracts and the financial independence of the wife. In total, the analysis identified five core categories and forty-three related concepts that collectively form the proposed model of family peace and reconciliation. The first category is satisfaction and fulfillment of sexual needs. The data indicate that mutual responsiveness to legitimate emotional and sexual needs is a major source of intimacy and stability in marriage. Conversely, prolonged neglect or abandonment of marital relations by either spouse tends to generate emotional distance, tension, and conflict. The second category is adherence to religious precepts. Shared commitment to religious beliefs and practices strengthens emotional bonds, reinforces mutual trust, and creates a moral framework for resolving disagreements. The findings suggest that religious commitment contributes not only to individual piety but also to the preservation and strengthening of family life. The third category concerns family management, commitment, and the husband’s responsibility. Islamic jurisprudence assigns complementary roles to spouses: the wife is associated with affection, compassion, and the nurturing of children, while the husband bears responsibility for the protection, support, and administration of family affairs. When these responsibilities are exercised with justice and mutual respect, they contribute significantly to domestic tranquility. The fourth category is observance of mutual jurisprudential obligations and commitments. A functional family is characterized by reciprocal responsibility and cooperation. Although Islamic law specifies certain duties for each spouse, the effective management of married life depends on both partners striving for each other’s comfort, emotional security, and well-being. Failure to honor these mutual commitments often leads to unresolved conflicts and weakened family cohesion. The fifth category is good companionship. The study shows that good companionship is not merely a recommended ethical virtue but a reciprocal obligation that underlies healthy marital interaction. Its manifestations are broad and context-dependent; when guided by religious and social norms, good companionship promotes empathy, dignity, cohesion, and long-term stability within the family. Overall, the study demonstrates that both practical and theoretical jurisprudential principles can play an effective role in fostering peaceful and reconciliatory spousal relationships. Adherence to Islamic jurisprudential teachings not only cultivates affection and cooperation between spouses but also contributes to broader social well-being. The jurisprudential solutions proposed within the Islamic tradition more than fourteen centuries ago continue to offer valuable resources for addressing contemporary marital conflicts and strengthening the institution of the family. In light of these findings, institutions concerned with family welfare—including counseling centers, arbitration bodies, educational institutions, religious guidance organizations, family affairs agencies, and municipal social services—should develop coordinated and systematic programs grounded in these jurisprudential principles. Creating a peaceful and emotionally secure family environment through such measures can help prevent marital disruption, enhance family resilience, and serve as an important protective factor against various forms of social deviance and instability. فقه یکی از کاربردی‌ترین علوم اسلامی در زندگی فردی و اجتماعی بشر است که در کلام وحی ریشه دارد. هدف از این تحقیق ارائة الگوی صلح و سازش در خانواده بر اساس مبانی فقهی اسلام بود. روش تحقیق کیفی و از نوع تحلیل محتوا بود. جامعة آماری شامل کلیة مبانی فقهی و حقوقی اسلام، قرآن، احادیث معتبر و کتب علما در ارتباط با خانواده و روابط میان زوجین بود. بدین منظور 25 مورد از منابع که دارای غنیترین اطلاعات بودند، به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و داده‌ها هم‌زمان با استفاده از مجموعه‌ای از کدگذاری‌های اولیه‌ (باز) و استنباطی تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. برای اعتباربخشی به فرایند تحقیق از راهبردهای همسوسازی، اعتباریابی پاسخ‌دهنده و بررسی همتایان استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد دو دسته عوامل فقهی عملی از قبیل «ارجاع به داوری، محدودیت زمانی خاص در طلاق، پرداخت نفقة مطلقة رجعیه از سوی زوج در ایام عده» و عوامل نظری مانند «عدم جواز شرط خیار در نکاح، استقلال زوجه در تصرف دارایی خود، شامل پنج مقولة اصلی و 43 مفهوم» از مهم‌ترین متغیرهای اصلی صلح و سازش بین زوجین در خانواده هستند. مقوله‌های اساسی عبارت‌اند از: ارضا و رفع نیازهای جنسی، عمل به دستورهای دینی، مدیریت خانواده، تعهد و مسئولیت‌پذیری زوج، رعایت الزامات و تعهدات فقهی زوجین در برابر همدیگر، حسن معاشرت با یکدیگر. نتایج نشان داد دو دسته عوامل فقهی عملی و نظری میتوانند سبب صلح و سازش در رفتارهای زوجین در خانواده شوند. عمل به دستورهای فقهی اسلام ضمن ایجاد محبت میان زوجین در خانواده سبب ارتقای سلامت اجتماعی نیز می‌شوند.

https://www.jgfs.ir/article_252920_5b7ea7a64619e71659834561a38ea115.pdf

پژوهشکده زن و خانواده ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ مدیر مسئول: محمدرضا زیبایی نژاد مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده 2538-1938 13 2 2025 08 23 The Necessity of Establishing Arbitration Organizations in Enhancing Family Resilience ضرورت تأسیس سازمان داوری در ارتقای مقاومت خانواده 72 92 252921 FA زینب طلابکی دکترای حقوق خصوصی، پژوهشگر مقیم پژوهشکده زن و خانواده Journal Article 2025 09 28 As the most fundamental social institution, the family serves as the primary vehicle for the transmission of moral, cultural, and religious values and as the initial locus of emotional and identity support for individuals. Consequently, any disruption in the mechanisms of family dispute resolution threatens not only internal familial stability but also broader social cohesion. Historically, a significant portion of family disputes was resolved through the mediation of relatives, elders, and trusted community members. This traditional approach—relying on lived experience, expediency (maslahat), the preservation of reputation, and a preference for peace over confrontation—often facilitated the restoration of relationships and prevented familial dissolution. However, with the expansion of modern judicial systems and the broadening jurisdiction of family courts, these indigenous and adaptive patterns have gradually eroded, shifting family litigation into a formal, ritualistic, and authority-driven framework. The result of this transformation has been an increased dependence of families on judicial intervention and a diminished capacity for the independent management of intra-familial conflicts. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to elucidate how the establishment of arbitration organizations can contribute to the enhancement of family resilience. In the context of this research, family resilience is defined as the family’s ability to actively resolve disputes, maintain cohesion against cultural and social pressures, and reconstruct itself as a dynamic, self-reliant, and value-oriented institution. The central hypothesis posits that the institutionalization of arbitration—particularly through Islamic arbitration organizations—can bolster family resilience by de-judicializing family disputes, reviving indigenous capacities, and strengthening religious and cultural identities. The findings of this article indicate that, while the judicial system performs a necessary function in ensuring legal order, it often lacks optimal efficacy in many family disputes. The adversarial nature of litigation, the requirement to disclose private family matters, the focus on evidentiary proof and the determination of rights and duties, and the predominance of mandatory formalities often place spouses in a state of confrontation. Such an environment restricts the possibilities for dialogue, forgiveness, and relationship reconstruction. In this setting, rather than being active problem-solvers, families become subject to decisions imposed by formal authorities. In contrast, owing to its consensual, flexible, and specialized nature, arbitration possesses a high capacity to restore agency to the family. By grounding itself in the consent of the parties, arbitration provides the necessary psychological and legal groundwork for cooperation from the outset. Furthermore, by offering relative freedom from rigid procedural formalities, it allows for the design of processes tailored to the emotional and cultural contexts of the family. Drawing on specialists such as family counselors, psychologists, and legal experts, arbitration provides more realistic and contextually appropriate solutions to family conflicts. Nevertheless, the article emphasizes that the effective utilization of these capacities is impossible without institutional organization. While individual and fragmented arbitration may be beneficial, it lacks the capacity to compete with the cohesive and extensive structure of the judicial system. The establishment of arbitration organizations is therefore imperative—organizations capable of providing the institutional infrastructure necessary for fostering family resilience through the formulation of clear yet flexible regulations, the professional training of arbitrators and mediators, the creation of specialized networks in the family domain, the promotion of a culture of peace and compromise, and the provision of indigenous dispute resolution models. Within this framework, the institution of familial hakam (arbitration), grounded in Verse 35 of Surah An-Nisa, holds significant potential. The article demonstrates that if this institution is redesigned to move beyond its formalistic and mandatory role within the divorce process and is instead implemented in a voluntary, professional, and organized manner, it can serve as an indigenous, efficient, and culturally compatible model for resolving spousal disputes within the Islamic-Iranian context. From a comparative and transnational perspective, the article asserts that the issue of family arbitration is not merely an internal matter. In many countries, including various Western legal systems, family arbitration and mediation institutions have become highly developed, with specialized organizations operating in this field. Conversely, the experiences of Muslim communities in non-Muslim countries—such as the disputes concerning religious arbitration in Ontario, Canada—demonstrate that the need for cohesive Islamic arbitration institutions is not merely a theoretical demand but is directly linked to the preservation of religious identity, the right to cultural choice, and the stability of Muslim families. Furthermore, at the international level, the dominance of arbitration models derived from Western priorities and values may lead to the marginalization of the cultural and religious considerations of Muslim families in the absence of Islamic arbitration institutions. Thus, the establishment of Islamic arbitration organizations carries strategic significance in the transnational arena as well as in the domestic sphere. In conclusion, the article posits that the establishment of arbitration organizations is not merely a procedural reform in dispute resolution but a legal, social, and cultural strategy aimed at bolstering family resilience. By reducing excessive dependence on the courts, reviving indigenous and religious capacities, strengthening skills in dialogue and compromise, and defending the cultural identity of the family at both domestic and international levels, these organizations can play a fundamental role in maintaining familial cohesion and social stability. Accordingly, legislative support and purposeful policymaking to create and develop family arbitration organizations with an Islamic-Iranian approach constitute an undeniable necessity for contemporary society. در روزگاران گذشته، اختلافات خانوادگی از طریق میانجی‌گری خویشاوندان و بزرگان خانواده‌ ـ با تکیه بر ارزش‌ها و تجربه‌های نسل‌های پیشین - به صورت مسالمت‌آمیز حل‌وفصل می‌شد. با ظهور سیستم‌های قضایی مدرن و تأکید بر قضاوت رسمی، روش‌های سنتی کنار گذاشته شد و دعاوی خانوادگی به جای مصالحه، به سمت صدور احکام قضایی سوق یافت. این تحول، توانایی خانواده‌ها در مقاومت و تاب‌آوری در برابر چالش‌های فرهنگی و اجتماعی را کاهش داد و به افزایش اختلافات و فروپاشی خانواده‌ها منجر شد. مقالة حاضر با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی به بررسی نقش سازمان‌های داوری در احیای تاب‌آوری خانوادگی می‌پردازد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد تأسیس سازمان‌های داوری اسلامی با بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های بومی و دینی می‌تواند به تقویت انسجام خانواده‌های ایرانی و مسلمان در سراسر جهان کمک کند. این سازمان‌ها با ترویج میانجی‌گری و صلح، راهکاری مؤثر برای کاهش وابستگی به سیستم قضایی و حفظ هویت فرهنگی خانواده‌ها ارائه می‌دهند.

https://www.jgfs.ir/article_252921_ef4ffdb41abff00d6d65c24cfc835565.pdf

پژوهشکده زن و خانواده ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ مدیر مسئول: محمدرضا زیبایی نژاد مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده 2538-1938 13 2 2025 08 23 Questions related to marriage from the perspective of students بررسی و تحلیل پرسش‌های مرتبط با ازدواج از دیدگاه دانشجویان دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان 93 117 253100 FA محمدرضا حاتمی استادیار دانشکده حقوق و الهیات دانشگاه باهنر Journal Article 2025 12 04 Marriage represents a significant transition from individual to family life, serving as a cornerstone for both personal development and social stability. As young adults navigate this transition, they often grapple with fundamental questions and concerns, seeking to balance the rewards of marital life against its potential challenges. Interrogating the nature and quality of marriage is a cognitive process that fosters more realistic and purposeful attitudes toward marital commitment. When these inquiries are adequately addressed, individuals can synthesize their fragmented expectations into a coherent orientation toward family formation. Identifying the core concerns of youth is essential for developing effective educational programs, counseling interventions, and evidence-based policies. By understanding the specific anxieties of young people, counselors, psychologists, and policymakers can enhance youth readiness, motivation, and decision-making skills, thereby promoting stable and satisfying marital unions. Consequently, resolving these uncertainties facilitates the trajectory toward family formation, ultimately improving individual and societal well-being. This research employs a qualitative methodology to uncover the subjective perceptions and approaches of university students regarding marriage. Using a purposive sampling strategy, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 undergraduate students (10 male, 10 female; ages 20–26) at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were analyzed using thematic coding techniques (open, axial, and selective coding). The initial analysis yielded 50 preliminary questions, which were distilled into 28 axial codes and 7 core themes. These themes encompass critical dimensions of marriage, including its necessity, individual readiness, criteria for spouse selection, and the decision-making process. The findings indicate that: (1) marriage is inherently a subject of inquiry, occupying a significant portion of young people’s cognitive preoccupations; (2) such inquiries serve as a mechanism for critical thinking, facilitating mental orientation and motivational development; (3) marriage-related questions are shaped by both past preconceptions and present-day realities; (4) these inquiries vary in nature, with specific concerns surfacing with higher frequency; and (5) the transition to marriage becomes actionable only when these fragmented inquiries are consolidated and systematically organized into a cohesive framework. پرسشگری که از ابزارهای تفکر انتقادی و شناختی به شمار می‌رود، یکی از شیوه‌ها برای جهت‌دهی ذهنی و ایجاد انگیزش در میان جوانان است. درواقع هنگامی که جوانان از موضوع و کیفیت ازدواج پرسش می‌کنند، از گذر این پرسشگری، فرایندی ذهنی را آغاز می‌کنند که به شکل‌گیری نگرش‌های واقعی‌تر و هدفمندتر در مورد ازدواج منجر می‌شود. در همین راستا، هدف اصلی این پژوهش واکاوی پرسشهای اساسی جوانان در فرایند ازدواج است. گروه نمونة پژوهش به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند در دسترس 20 نفر (10 پسر و 10 دختر) با میانگین سنی20 تا 26 سال از دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال تحصیلی 1403-1404 است. برای درک واقعی ذهنیت افراد در موضوع تحقیق از روش کیفی استفاده شد و برای دستیابی به دیدگاههای آنها شیوة مصاحبه برگزیده شد. یافتهها که برآمده از تحلیل مبتنی بر کدگذاری دادها هستند، به سه نوع کدهای باز، محوری و انتخابی اشاره دارند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده گویای آن است که بخش مهمی از دغدغههای جوانان، پرسشهای گوناگون در موضوع ازدواج است. همچنین ملاحظة ماهیت و نوع پرسشهای پرشمار جوانان در مورد ازدواج به هفت پرسش اساسی بدین شرح منتهی میشود: ازدواج چیست؟ چرا باید ازدواج کرد؟ شرایط ازدواج چیست؟ موانع ازدواج چیست؟ با چه فردی باید ازدواج کرد؟ شیوة مناسب همسرگزینی چیست؟ چگونه می‌توان او را شناخت و به ازدواج تصمیم گرفت؟

https://www.jgfs.ir/article_253100_6dd1c0c6ee1039305ca304458717dbb6.pdf

پژوهشکده زن و خانواده ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ مدیر مسئول: محمدرضا زیبایی نژاد مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده 2538-1938 13 2 2025 08 23 The Theological Foundations of Sharia in the Encounter with Modernity in the Ḥijābiyya Treatises مبانی کلامی شریعت در مواجهه با تجدد در رسائل حجابیه 118 141 253101 FA هاجر عساکره دانشجو دکتری مطالعات زنان گرایش حقوق خانواده، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم. مجید دهقان استادیار دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم. 0009-0007-7550-929X Journal Article 2025 12 20 The introduction and expansion of the concepts and manifestations of modernity in Iran, particularly during the decades leading up to and following the Constitutional Revolution, subjected traditional social and cultural structures to new transformations and challenges. Within this context, women’s issues—including their social participation, education, freedom, and rights—became one of the most significant arenas of confrontation between religious tradition and modernity, bringing religious scholars into engagement with concepts such as equality, freedom, rationality, and women’s rights. In this intellectual climate, hijab came to represent more than a merely juridical ruling; it emerged as a symbol of the relationship between religion and modernity and became one of the central axes of intellectual debate. Consequently, defending the Islamic ruling on hijab required not only juridical arguments but also rational and theological explanations concerning the nature, scope, purpose, and function of the Sharia. Although previous studies have examined the views of religious scholars during the Constitutional era and certain theological and political issues of this period, the ways in which theological foundations were employed to explain gender-related religious rulings, as well as their relationship to the encounter between religious thought and modernity, require further investigation. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the theological foundations underlying the conception of the Sharia in its encounter with modernity by analyzing treatises written in defense of hijab between 1911 and 1968. The central question of the study is: How were the theological foundations pertaining to the Sharia articulated in these treatises, and how were they related to the manner in which hijab was explained and to the authors’ engagement with emerging social transformations? This study adopts a qualitative approach and employs qualitative content analysis. The research data were selected from 33 works on hijab written between 1911 and 1968 and compiled in the collection Hijabiyyah Treatises. The analytical process involved identifying meaning units, coding, and categorizing the data. Through an examination of the authors’ arguments and explanations, recurring patterns in their understanding of the Sharia and divine legislation were identified. Accordingly, the focus of this study is not merely on the authors’ positions regarding hijab itself, but rather on the underlying assumptions and theological foundations that shaped their arguments concerning this ruling and its relationship to social transformations. The findings indicate that the theological foundations of the Sharia in the Hijabiyyah treatises can be conceptualized in five major categories. The first is the absence of incompatibility between the Sharia and modernity. By distinguishing between modern scientific and civilizational achievements and some of their moral and social consequences, the authors perceive no inherent conflict between progress itself and the Sharia. They likewise seek to demonstrate the compatibility of hijab with progress and civilization. The second category is the perfection and comprehensiveness of religion. On this basis, Islam is understood as a complete and enduring system capable of securing human happiness, while the rulings of the Sharia—including the ruling on hijab—are regarded as being grounded in divine wisdom. Consequently, the dominant approach tends toward affirming the stability of religious rulings and defending the sufficiency of the Sharia in responding to human needs. The third category is the eschatological orientation of the Sharia. Grounded in belief in the unseen world and the divine system of reward and punishment, this perspective provides an internal religious basis for adherence to religious rulings. It connects the restrictions associated with hijab and women’s social participation to their moral and eschatological consequences. در سدة اخیر به واسطة رویکرد نوگرایی دینی در عرصة جهانی و گسترش آن در جوامع اسلامی، تحولاتی در بسیاری از ساختارهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی روی داد. یکی از پرچالش‌ترین مسائل در رویارویی سنت با مدرنیته، مباحثی همچون حجاب، آموزش، آزادی و فعالیتهای اجتماعی زن است. رسائل حجابیه متونی فقهی – کلامی‌اند که بازتاب‌دهندة رویارویی اندیشوران دینی با این چالش‌های نوپدید هستند. این پژوهش در پی بررسی و واکاوی رساله‌های نگاشته‌شده در فاصلة زمانی ۱۲۹۰ تا ۱۳۴7 شمسی است که برای دفاع از حکم شرعی حجاب و تبیین عقلانی آن نگاشته شده است. این پژوهش با روش کیفی تحلیل محتوا در صدد بازخوانی این مؤلفه‌ها و تأثیر آنها بر فهم دین در عصر مدرن است و تلاش دارد مبانی کلامی شریعت در رویارویی با تجدد را از میان این متون بررسی کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد نگرش نویسندگان رسائل در حوزة تشریع ناظر به جنسیت را می‌توان در پنج محور اصلی صورت‌بندی کرد: نبود تنافی میان شریعت و تجدد؛ ایدة کمال دین؛ معادمحوری شریعت؛ اعتدال شریعت؛ عدالت حکمتآمیز تشریع.

https://www.jgfs.ir/article_253101_18ad367ff04c8a276c222dafc933018d.pdf

پژوهشکده زن و خانواده ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ مدیر مسئول: محمدرضا زیبایی نژاد مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده 2538-1938 13 2 2025 08 23 ترجمه نوشتار با دوربین Explaining the strategies of the media governance system in building a family in line with the Islamic Revolution حکمرانی رسانه و مسئلة خانواده‌محوری 142 167 253102 FA عاطفه خادمی استادیار پژوهشگاه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی و تمدنی Journal Article 2024 07 03 he family, as the fundamental unit of society and the primary environment for socialization, plays a critical role in shaping individual and social identity. Within the intellectual framework of the Islamic Revolution, the family is regarded as the cornerstone of a healthy and prosperous society. However, in the contemporary era, the unprecedented reach of digital media has profoundly transformed behavioral patterns and value systems. Consequently, the relationship between family institutions and the media system has emerged as a central concern for governance. This study investigates the position of the family within the media governance framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran and assesses the alignment of institutional policies with family-centered objectives. Utilizing thematic analysis, this research examines key upstream policy documents, including the charters and mandates of primary media and cyberspace institutions—such as the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, the Ministry of Communications, and SATRA—alongside the 2016 General Family Policies promulgated by the Supreme Leader. The analytical process involved deconstruction, description, and synthesis, resulting in the extraction of basic, organizing, and overarching themes. The findings indicate that macro-level policies assign six essential functions to media institutions regarding the family: (1) protection against media-related threats; (2) promotion of media literacy; (3) strengthening Iranian-Islamic identity; (4) moral refinement; (5) provision of healthy entertainment; and (6) enhancement of social cohesion. However, the study identifies a significant gap between macro-level strategic goals and meso-level implementation. While strategic policies emphasize family-centered values, content production platforms—particularly VOD streaming services—frequently disseminate representations that contradict these objectives. Common narratives in popular domestic series often normalize divorce, promote individualistic lifestyles, and portray the traditional family unit negatively. This misalignment stems from fragmented institutional performance, the absence of unified policy leadership, and weak supervisory mechanisms. Furthermore, the implementation of the General Family Policies remains incomplete. Key principles—such as prioritizing family-centered legislation, promoting marriage, and supporting traditional gender roles—have been neglected due to a lack of executive guidelines and an inability to develop culturally engaging content for younger generations. The study concludes that a two-tiered strategy is essential for effective family-centered media governance. At the macro level, policymakers must formulate a coherent, realistic, and sustainable governance model. At the micro level, it is imperative to empower a network of media producers capable of articulating family values using contemporary, compelling formats. Without systemic integration between these levels, the discrepancy between policy rhetoric and practical outcomes will persist, leaving the family unit increasingly vulnerable to the inconsistencies of the current media governance system. خانواده ‌‌به عنوان مهم‌ترین واحد اجتماعی و مؤثرترین محیط تربیتی، نقشی اساسی در شکل‌دهی به ارزش‌ها، باورها و انتظارات فردی و اجتماعی ایفا می‌کند و در ‌‌‌فرایند فرهنگ‌پذیری جامعه، تأثیر زیادی دارد. در نگاه انقلاب اسلامی ایران و به‌ویژه منظومة فکری امامین انقلاب اسلامی، خانواده دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است که هیچ بدیلی برای آن نمی‌توان تصور کرد. با توجه ‌به این جایگاه، پرسش اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که جایگاه نهاد خانواده در حکمرانی رسانه‌ای چیست؟ برای دستیابی به این هدف، با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل مضمون، نهادهای متکفل در کنار سیاست‌های کلی خانوادة ابلاغی رهبر معظم انقلاب بررسی شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد این نهادها شش کارویژة اساسی در مواجهه با خانواده دارند که عبارت‌اند از: 1. صیانت و حفاظت در برابر تهدیدها؛ 2. ارتقای سواد رسانه‌ای؛ 3. ترویج و تقویت هویت ایرانی و اسلامی؛ 4. تزکیه و ارتقای فضایل اخلاقی؛ 5. سرگرمی و تفریح؛ 6. افزایش انسجام اجتماعی. اما در تحقق این موارد، ما دچار چالش‌های جدی در حوزة حکمرانی رسانه و اهتمام بر مسئلة خانواده هستیم.

https://www.jgfs.ir/article_253102_e01a95fdaeb505c545e374e2722ba31b.pdf